Fitness Testing 2 - 1891 Words

Fitness Testing and Training for the Uniformed Public Services. Assignment 2 – Fitness Tests. Introduction: In this assignment I will begin with outlining fitness tests for the main components of fitness and comparing the results to a specific public service entrance test, then explaining the strengths and areas for improvement. I will then go on to describing methods of fitness training for the main components of physical fitness and evaluating them as well as an evaluation. Task 1. Maximum sit-ups in 2 minutes: 84 Maximum press-ups in 2 minutes: 82 Timed wall squats: 1 minute, 30 seconds Step test: 91 Long jumps: 7’3 ft. Sit and reach: 10cm Timed plank: 2 minutes, 10 seconds Agility run: 14.46 seconds 10m standing start sprint: 2.07†¦show more content†¦A stretching programme over a period of months can lead to a large increase in range of motion (flexibility). Flexibility will improve the execution of sports skills and reduce the likelihood of muscle soreness. It is also recommended that you should spend 5-10 minutes of stretching before beginning any sport or a physical activity in order to prepare your muscles for what is to follow, as well as after to initiate the recovery process. Static stretching - Shoulder Stretch; Moving part of your body slightly beyond the usual range and holding for a few seconds; †¢ Stand tall, feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent. †¢ Place your right arm, parallel with the ground across the front of your chest. †¢ Bend the left arm up and use the left forearm to ease the right arm closer to your chest. †¢ You will feel the stretch in the shoulder. †¢ Repeat with the other arm. PNF stretching – These exercises involve stretching a muscle or group of muscles, contracting the same muscle isometrically for at least three seconds, and then stretching it farther. PNF stretches effectively increase your range of motion if you do them at least twice per week. Always perform the stretching element of each exercise slowly and try to increase your range of motion gradually over a period of weeks and months. * Strength can be developedShow MoreRelatedFitness Testing : Fitness And Activity Log1515 Words   |  7 PagesFitness Portfolio â€Æ' Table of Contents Page 3 Goal Setting Worksheet (Rough Copy) Page 4 Goal Setting Worksheet (Good Copy) Page 5 Where Am I Now – Fitness Testing Reflection (Rough Copy) Page 6 Where Am I Now – Fitness Testing Reflection (Good Copy) Page 7 Goal Revision Sheet (Rough Copy) Page 8 Goal Revision Sheet (Good Copy) Page 9 10-12 Rep. Max. (Rough Copy) Page 10 10-12 Rep. Max. (Good Copy) Page 11 Fitness and Activity Log (Rough Copy) Page 12 Fitness and Activity Log (Good Copy) Page 13 FitnessRead MorePrinciples Of Exercise And Sport Science1073 Words   |  5 Pages HSE101 Principles of Exercise Sport Science Practical Assignment – Submaximal Exercise Testing ¬ Name: Renee Deverall Student Number: 215067741 1. Write a short paragraph that defines VO2max, explains what it measures and describes some of the most important ways that it can be used in health and sport. VO2max can be defined as the maximum oxygen uptake. This entails the maximum rate at which oxygen is readily available in the body to be taken up and used during aerobic exercise. (Fletcher etRead MoreCost Estimate For Fitness Meal Plan Project919 Words   |  4 Pages IV. Cost Management Cost Estimate for Fitness Meal Plan Project Project Name: Fitness Meal Plan Date: Wednesday, May 11, 2016 Prepared by: Jailah Ramirez Project Phase Estimate to Complete $/hour 4 Year Cost Total 1. Initiating - - - - 1.1 Research Cost $150 $16/hour - $150 2. Planning - - - - 2.1 Software / Hardware $1,000 - - $1,000 2.2 Risk Management Cost $1,000 $16/hour $1,200 $2,200 3. Executing - - - - 3.1 Internal Staff $4,500 $20/hour - $4,500 3.2 External Staff $1,000Read MoreAutomated Test Data Generation Using Genetic Algorithms988 Words   |  4 PagesAlgorithms 1 Madhu Jain, Associate Professor Department of Mathematics, IIT Roorkee 2 Manish Saraswat, Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA, Geetanjali Institute of Technical Studies, Udaipur, Email: manishsaraswat24@gmail.com Abstract: Software testing is one of essential activity in software engineering, which determines the software quality and reliability. For effective software testing valid and suitable test data generation is necessary. Now a day’s valid test dataRead MoreThe Components Of Health Related Fitness1084 Words   |  5 Pages What are the components of health related fitness? The 5 components are cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition. Why is it important to achieve a high level of fitness in each of the components? Cardio-respiratory fitness is how your heart and lungs work to supply oxygen and energy to your muscles during physical activity. It is important to have a high level of cardio-respiratory fitness because it helps improve your circulatory andRead MoreThe Fitness Tests For An Elite Netball Player1549 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Good Morning/Afternoon Mr/Mrs Flynn, My name is Alex Manley and in this assignment I will be selecting one of the three Fitness tests provided for an elite Netball player and critically evaluating the effectiveness of the Octorepeater Test in targeting the energy fitness demands of a Wing Defence position. I will also propose recommendations to the test to improve the effectiveness of the test to Netball. Energy Demands All three energy systems is important to have in a game ofRead MoreStruggles Facing Women in the Police Force Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesget equal rights and get jobs, the truth is that they have not come as far as predicted in the past 25 years. What are the reasons for woman not growing in the police force is it because of how the department recruits, or because of the physical testing part of the job. In the police force most people look at it as a man’s job that takes courage, strength, and determination. People do not think that women can handle this because of their hormones and lack of strength. This makes it difficultRead MorePersonal Fitness Portfolio Summative Evaluation Reflection Paper853 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Fitness Portfolio Summative Evaluation Reflection Paper 1. What did you set out to do? (What were your overall goals?) My overall goals were to gain better personal fitness. I wanted to be able to improve my fitness appraisal test scores for pushups, curlups, and wall sits in four weeks. I wanted to be able to do 30 pushups/minute, 40 curlups/minute and wall sits for a continuous 2 mins. I wanted to achieve these goals by the next fitness appraisal testing, after about four weeks time. 2. WhatRead MoreAthlete Introduction : Vincent O Connor1409 Words   |  6 Pagesalso when some of the physical imbalances that are inherent with playing competitive sport can be addressed (Davies, 2016). Therefore the goals of this mesocycle have been split into two parts. Firstly is the Active rest and maintenance of aerobic fitness. After a training stimulus is removed, physiological adaptations begin to reverse back to pre-training levels, in a process known as detraining (Sports advisor, Off season). In order to reduce the effects of detraining and still give O’Connor a breakRead MoreHeart Rate Variability ( Hrv )1623 Words   |  7 PagesHeart rate variability (HRV) is quickly becoming a â€Å"buzz word† in fitness, but in reality this is a very old technology. Dating back to at least 1948 (15) HRV has been a commonly used method in research and is an accepted diagnostic tool in several diseases/conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and type 2 diabetes (9, 23). HRV was, until recently, a tool that was confined to clinical and research settings, largely due to the prohibitively high cost of equipment. Recent advances in technology

Essay about The Great Gatsby The Past is Forever in the...

Time remains a universal continuation of the past into the present and bears a strong hold on the future. The destruction of satisfaction in history withholds the contentment of the future with an impeding sense of unalterable guilt. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald demonstrates â€Å"the past is forever in the present† through numerous literary and narrative techniques, suggesting that memories serve as crucial components in the development of individuals. Fitzgerald implements a first party narrative through Nick Caraway’s recollection of the events of the plot in order to effectively demonstrate the scarring, yet beneficial, effects of memories on the current mindset of individuals. The story is of Nick’s past, whose memories are†¦show more content†¦Fitzgerald reveals the detrimental impacts of living in the past, through the character James Gatz and his numerous flashbacks responsible for Gatz’s development into the character of Jay Gatsby. Gatz invented the character of Gatsby, providing a fallacious back-story, in order to convince himself and hopefully Daisy that there remains a possibility of love despite their difference in economic backgrounds. Nick reveals, â€Å"So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this (Platonic) conception he was faithful to the end† (132). Gatsby changed his past, hoping to change the outcome of his future happiness. Fitzgerald reveals Gatsby’s construed misconception of himself through flashbacks in order to emphasize the effect the past has on the present. Fitzgerald furthers this claim through flashbacks with Gatsby presenting Daisy with an ideal illusion as well. Once Gatsby attempts to change his past, Gatsby’s true remembrance of Daisy becomes misconstrued in the very same way. Nick describes Gatsby’s struggle with coping with the non-Platonic reality of the present as â€Å"There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams- not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion† (98). Gatsby instills Daisy with an idealized perfection associated with his biased memories of the past; however this view decays away as Gatsby begins to realize that Daisy’sShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby797 Words   |  4 PagesAs World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II were occurring, America was in a time of uncertainty and questioning. Therefore, in following with the feeling of the American people, American writers often fo llowed this theme of confusion in their writing, creating the age of Modernism. During the time period of Modernism, writers often included the themes of uncertainty, disjointedness, and disillusionment in their works. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, these three themes of uncertaintyRead MoreEssay about Perceptions of Time in Great Gatsby664 Words   |  3 Pagesand aspects, for example philosophical, psychological, physical and biological. This time flows consistently but is broken into the past, present and future. Since we only live in the present forever in preparation for our futures and dreams, when we try to live in the past it restricts our future. Throughout F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby, Gatsby wasted time and his life for a single dream, and it was his illusion of his idyllic future that made time a key dimension in his lifeRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1552 Words   |  7 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald uses his novel The Great Gatsby to comment on American society and on other great American writers, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson. Although both of these writers are well respected and analyze the themes of American society, their works contrast each other’s claims. One major theme in The Great Gatsby is the past the book itself is told from Nick’s point of view in his later years and emphasizes how Gatsby attempts to try to change his past throughout the whole novel. While FitzgeraldRead MoreGatsby American Dream Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesto reach each individual s dream. Each character had their own meaning of their dream, Jay Gatsby especially. He had a big impact in his life, Daisy, which led to failure in his own American dream. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby almost lived out his American dream, by finding the love of his life, and almost fulfilled the dream to be with her forever. At the beginning, Jay Gatsby made a dream for himself, he would have possibly been able to accomplish this dream if his lifeRead MoreEssay on Jay Gatsby’s Dangerous Illusions in The Great Gatsby1253 Words   |  6 PagesJay’s Dangerous Illusions in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America is a land of opportunity and hopes and dreams can become reality. The American Dream consists of the notion that the struggling poor can achieve financial success through hard work. F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, puts this premise to the test while also warning against the dangers of believing too passionately in any dream. The central character, Jay Gatsby, proves a tragic hero who succeeds financially but failsRead More Time1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world; that if we as individuals work hard enough nothing can escape our grasp. Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, explores the ever-elusive nature of the American dream as he questions the very basis upon which we identify ourselves with. Fitzgerald does not, however, question whether the American dream drives us towards greatness as it once did; rather he questions the deficiencies present in our ability to drive, and the path that we take. With every blossoming and withering flower, cha nge ofRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1645 Words   |  7 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic American novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is a consummate summary of the ‘roaring twenties’ and a devastating show of the ‘Jazz Age’. Nick Carraway Chasing his own American Dream, lands next door to a mysterious, party-giving millionaire, Jay Gatsby young, handsome, and remarkably rich always seems alone in the crowd, watching and waiting although no one knows what for. Nick is drawn into the captivating world of the super rich, their illusions, loves and deceits. As NickRead MoreThe â€Å"Roaring 20’S† And The â€Å"Jazz Age† Produced Great Literature.1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe â€Å"roaring 20’s† and the â€Å"Jazz Age† produced great literature. The characters and plots were often held together by images, ideas, sounds or words that help a reader understand an idea and help to explain th e central idea of a literary work. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is full of rich symbols. Like many of the most interesting symbols, the green light changes and develops its meaning through the novel. The green light that is displayed at the end of Daisy and Tom’s East egg dock, isRead MoreEssay On The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1001 Words   |  5 Pagestrue,† from when the colonists aspired freedom and liberty to present day where Americans pursue wealth and success. However, throughout the twentieth century, this concept of the â€Å"American dream† seemed to have deceived the commonwealth as those who aspired success found themselves poor and deprived of the benefits the American dream promised them. This idea of the corruption of the American dream is prominent in the novel The Great Gatsby, as the author F. Scott Fitzgerald uses a variety of symbolsRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1258 Words   |  6 Pages What Killed Gatsby? Love or Greed? To certain people, Gatsby’s death was a cruel and surprising conclusion to The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. But there is still some mystery around the cause of Gatsby’s death. Upon meeting Gatsby for the first time, one can tell that he has an obsession centered around Daisy Buchanan, his old love, and was dead set on getting her back. Gatsby’s obsession with repeating the past is responsible for his death and Gatsby’s greed put him in a grave. Further

Keurig Inc free essay sample

At home coffee brewers were always faced with two things loose coffee grounds to clean up and coffee that never quite tasted right. The Keurig system would eliminate both of those issues for the at-home consumer. Distribution Keurig based their start on the away-from-home market, or offices, because a consistently good cup of coffee is always a plus. The market was ripe for a less costly more convenient alternative in the workplace. Once Keurig excelled in the away-from-home market it was only logical to move towards the home consumers. The strategy was to seek to develop a product for the changing market and develop a product that everyone would want, positioning them to move ahead in the market (Hooley, Piercy, amp; Nicoulau. 2008. Pg. 8). Consumers purchasing for their homes would order through a different venue than their office counter parts who used an office coffee service, OCS, or a Keurig authorized distributor, KADS. The at-home brewer would be able to order K-cup coffee products via fax or the internet, and they would have more flavor choices as well, through a licensing arrangement made with a variety of gourmet coffee roasters. Office placement of the Keurig units had shown an increase of close to 50% by 2001, with close to 143,200 single cup systems in place by 2003 (Cravens amp; Piercy, 2009. Pg. 574). Interviews with focus groups found that customers were interested in consistent great-tasting coffee with minimal cleanup and a full variety of gourmet flavors. Channel Keurig’s channel marketing strategy hinged on three key elements; a brewer that controlled the amount, temperature and pressure of water, a consistently great tasting cup of coffee and a unique packing and distribution system that contained coffee and a filter in a single K-cup package. The system allows consumers to buy a variety of coffee and make a cup of coffee that has the quality like the one you would buy in a gourmet coffee house for upwards of $3 to $5. Based on the surveys and focus groups that had been conducted people were looking for convenience, minimal clean-up, and great taste. Keurig made its decision to promote the system based on those factors and with units succeeding in local businesses now was the time to strike, while the â€Å"iron is hot†, a large percentage of survey takers said they would gladly buy the units that were proposed based on the information they were given. Pricing strategies The successful market of Starbucks and other successful coffee houses has made it okay to spend $1. 50 or more for a good quality coffee and even more for specialty drinks. Considering the trend in successful coffee houses and the cost of the drinks, it opened the door for Keurig to produce high quality low maintenance units for the home and office. Keurig conducted multiple market research polls to reach its price points, ensuring that once units are released they are something that customers will buy without hesitation. Price points were anywhere in the range of $199 to $299 (Cravens amp; Piercy, 2009. Pg. 582) with coffee pods at about fifty cents each. Keurig wanted its units to be competitively priced and wanted to ensure that the taste quality would make people want to stay home and enjoy the quality of the coffee, instead of having to travel to get it and wait in line. Pricing strategies and market research are extremely important when a company is preparing to bring a new product out in the market. Keurig used the strategy of placing the units into offices, generating interest in the units and the specialty coffee products that you could get at home. A smart move n any book, the company did not bring out a new product with no consumer interest, it brought out a product that people already wanted before it ever hit the showroom floor. Promotion Keurig had a plan all along, concentrate first on the â€Å"away-from-home† market and use its success to springboard the company into homes nationwide. The core strategy was to remain unchanged, â€Å"we are committed to a mult i-roaster strategy that relies on strong relationships with selected gourmet coffee roasters who take a great deal of pride in the coffee consumption experience that supports the meaning of their brand to consumers (Cravens amp; Piercy, 2009. Pg. 573)†. After Keurig saw the interest in the units and once the research was completed they had an idea of what people were willing to pay for the units, demonstrations of the units were a selling point, along with sales and free coffee. Keurig was not the only single cup brewing system out there; others existed but did not promote the â€Å"care free† clean up that Keurig did. One company had loose coffee grounds that had to be cleaned out this made everything about Keurig stand out to the consumer who wanted easy and quality all in one. Keurig took the success of the away-from-home market, moved over to a referral system, and eventually to point-of-sale advertising and marketing (Cravens amp; Piercy, 2009. Pg. 583). Once units are purchased there is a continual need for K-cups in order to continue to enjoy the quality coffee from the unit. In order to keep customers coming back for more it is important to make the K-cups profitable for the company yet enticing to the consumers. With so many flavors to choose from different promotions can be used to entice customers to buy, anything from free shipping on fax or internet orders to coupons in the mail. Keurig could offer free â€Å"taste tests† when a consumer purchases from them, giving a free cup or two to try a different coffee blend, with every order. There are many ways to entice consumers in, but you have to be creative along the way. Conclusion Keurig has had a large amount of successs in the office coffee market and the next logical step in the marketing program would be to move into consumer homes so that the flavorful quality could be enjoyed there as well. The company has remained true to its core including the refusal of allowing any offee roaster or other commercial business partner to sit on their board (Cravens amp; Piercy, 2009. Pg. 573). The coffee business can fluctuate with the weather, in some areas and with some consumers they will drink coffee continuously, while others only drink it when it is cold. Because consumers can purchase their favorite, in most cases, coffee house coffees it makes sense that they can save time and money purchasing the Keurig c offee system for their homes and still enjoy the rich flavorful coffee they are used to getting while paying less money in the meantime. References Cravens, D. W. , amp; Piercy, N. F. (2009). Strategic marketing (9th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw- Hill. Retrieved April 22, 2013 from the University of Phoenix website. Hooley, G. , Piercy, N. F. , amp; Nicoulau, B. (2008). Marketing strategy and competitive positioning (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Retrieved April 22, 2013 from the University of Phoenix website.

The Relativity of Existence An Analysis of Wonhyo’s “Arouse Your Mind and Practice!” Essay Example

The Relativity of Existence: An Analysis of Wonhyo’s â€Å"Arouse Your Mind and Practice!† Essay Recognizing the relativity of existence, Wonhyo’s teachings were based upon a relativistic conception of reality. The evidence of such is apparent if one considers that â€Å"Arouse your Mind and Practice!† presents Wonhyo’s relativistic account of reality implicit in his emphasis on the necessity to arouse one’s mind â€Å"in order to correct the delusions of the mind (thereby)†¦benefiting one’s self and benefiting others† (21-22). Practice, in this sense, is to be understood as the process wherein an individual enables the development of the body as well as the mind through enabling the experience and hence the understanding of different conceptions of reality based upon our different perceptions of the same reality. In a sense, such an understanding may also enable the understanding of Wonhyo’s life. As was noted by Buswell, Wonhyo’s works may be considered as a deviant form of literature during his period. This is apparent if one considers that hagiographies â€Å"functioned as a didactic tool† that served as â€Å"a model of conduct, morality, and understanding that could be imitated by the entire community† (553). If such is the case, it thereby follows that hagiographies function as a means from which a community may follow the exemplars of a particular individual’s acts. The importance of such is apparent if one considers that such works thereby provide a model from which enlightenment may be achieved by an individual. It is important to note that such an assumption is based upon a non-relativistic conception of reality since it assumes that the imitation of the life [and hence acts and deeds] of an individual will thereby lead to the same fate achieved by the individual used as an exemplar. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relativity of Existence: An Analysis of Wonhyo’s â€Å"Arouse Your Mind and Practice!† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Relativity of Existence: An Analysis of Wonhyo’s â€Å"Arouse Your Mind and Practice!† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Relativity of Existence: An Analysis of Wonhyo’s â€Å"Arouse Your Mind and Practice!† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As opposed to such a claim, Wonhyo, on the other hand emphasized the necessity of self-development and self-enlightenment through the practice of one’s understanding of a particular aspect of reality. He notes that the failure to do such has led to the failure to progress towards enlightenment (Wonhyo 23). Wonhyo states, Hours after hours continue to pass; swiftly the day and night are gone†¦swiftly the end of the month is gone†¦suddenly next year has arrived†¦suddenly we have arrived at the portal of death†¦yet we humans lie, lazy and indolent†¦with minds distracted. (23) The distraction, in this, sense may be attributed to the emphasis on particular sutras and other materials, which are considered as enabling the achievement of enlightenment. Wonhyo considers such an emphasis [on the aforementioned sutras and the likes of such] as providing an insufficient means of enlightenment thereby leading an individual to an uninitiated enlightenment. The effects of such a deviant doctrine, which is based on an emphasis on the manner of achieving self-enlightenment guided by the achievement of praxis between the mind and the body, may thereby account for Wonhyo’s portrayal in his hagiographies. Buswell notes that as opposed to the other hagiographies, Wonhyo’s hagiographies â€Å"concerns not Wonhyo’s religious career but instead the question of the scriptural authenticity† (554). In relation to this, Buswell further notes that such an emphasis thereby led to the use of Wonhyo [the man] â€Å"as a stratagem for discussing the legend about the recovery of the Book of Adamantine Absorption† (554). There are two ways in which one may choose to understand such a depiction. First, one may note that such depiction enables the portrayal of Wonhyo as a type. The portrayal of Wonhyo, in this sense, may be understood as enabling the portrayal of Wonhyo in relation to his emphasis of the necessity to focus on the achievement of enlightenment through the practice of one’s self as opposed to the emulation of another individual’s existence. At another level, one may state that such a portrayal of Wonhyo may be seen as a manner of questioning the authenticity of Wonhyo [the entity himself]. To question his authenticity may thereby be understood as amounting to the questioning of the validity of his works as well as the authenticity of his tenets, which contradicts the usual conceptions of enlightenment portrayed and taught by the other Buddhist schools. Works Cited Buswell, Robert Jr.   â€Å"Hagiographies of the Korean Monk Wonhyo†.   Buddhism in Practice.   Ed. Donald Lopez.   Virginia: University of Virginia, 2007.

20 Cognitive Biases That Screw Up Your Decisions

20 Cognitive Biases That Screw Up Your Decisions A cognitive bias, according to Wikipedia  refers to a systematic  deviation from rationality whereby our judgement of other people and situations are drawn from an illogical line of thinking. What this means is that we often make our decisions based on emotions rather than logic. And this can lead us to make very bad decisions that could be detrimental to our quality of life. Okay, so we make bad decisions. What can we do to fix that?   We can start by learning what the more common biases are. If we learn what they are, we will be able to identify when they are in the process of happening  . That being said, here is a list of 20 cognitive biases that screw up our decisions.  Source: [BusinessInsider]

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland The Picts were an amalgam of tribes who lived in the eastern and northeastern regions of  Scotland during the ancient and early medieval period, merging into other peoples around the tenth century. Origins The origins of the Picts are hotly are disputed: one theory claims they were formed of tribes who predated the arrival of the Celts in  Britain, but other analysts suggest that they may have been a branch of the Celts. The coalescence of the tribes into the Picts may well have been a reaction to the Roman occupation of Britain. Language is equally controversial, as there’s no agreement on whether they spoke a variant of Celtic or something older. Their first written mention was by the Roman orator Eumenius in 297 CE, who mentioned them attacking Hadrian’s Wall. The differences between Picts and Britons are also disputed, with some works highlighting their similarities, others their differences; however, by the eighth century, the two were thought to be different from their neighbors. Pictland and Scotland The Picts and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Romans had a relationship of frequent warfare, and this didn’t change much with their neighbors after the Romans withdrew from Britain. By the seventh century, the Pictish tribes had merged together into a region named, by others, as ‘Pictland’, albeit with a varying number of sub-kingdoms. They sometimes conquered and ruled neighboring kingdoms, such as Dl Riada. During this period a sense of ‘Pictishness’ may have emerged among the people, a sense that they were different from their older neighbors that werent there before. By this stage Christianity had reached the Picts and conversions had occurred; there was a monastery at Portmahomack in Tarbat during the seventh to early ninth centuries. In 843 the King of the Scots, Cà ­naed mac Ailpà ­n (Kenneth I MacAlpin), also became King of the Picts, and shortly after the two regions together into one kingdom called Alba, from which Scotland developed. The peoples of these land s merged together to become Scots. Painted People and Art It is not known what the Picts called themselves. Instead, there is a name which may be derived from the Latin picti, which means ‘painted’. Other pieces of evidence, like the Irish name for the Picts, ‘Cruithne’, which also means ‘painted’ leads us to believe that the Picts practiced body painting, if not actual tattooing. The Picts had a distinct artistic style that remains in carvings and metalwork. Professor Martin Carver has been quoted in The Independent as saying: â€Å"They were the most extraordinary artists. They could draw a wolf, a salmon, an eagle on a piece of stone with a single line and produce a beautiful naturalistic drawing. Nothing as good as this is found between Portmahomack and Rome. Even the Anglo-Saxons didnt do stone-carving, as well as the Picts, did. Not until the post-Renaissance were people able to get across the character of animals just like that.†

Homeland Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homeland Defense - Essay Example This is always important when operations in the foreland regions approach the homeland. These partners and allies provide logistical and information support (Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, 2007). The Interagency coordination is a vital element since it enables the department of defense to engage the USA agencies for the purpose of achieving an objective. It forges a mutual relationship between other constitutional entities and the national power. This is done through sharing of awareness, planning together, incorporated training education and ground operations. The understanding of non military capability is what makes it successful. On the other hand, protection is considered during planning for homeland and civil mission in four primary aspects namely: 3. Emergency management and response: involve reducing the loss of personnel’s and capabilities due to accidents. It goes further to include use of forces, systems and civil infrastructure of other nations. The public affairs involvement in the operations of the homeland come in handy and includes supported the joint force commander, through giving of truthful and unclassified information on the activities of the defense forces in the United State. The role of public affairs in homeland operation simply narrows to ensure that all federal agencies provide factual consistent and speak in one voice to the public. Therefore, it must be included in all planning and coordination of the homeland security. Since the Armed forces of the United States are required to work under harsh conditions, which could be considered dangerous for human contact. For example, due to toxic gas release, naturally occurred pandemics commanders must therefore train plan and exercise with their inter-agency counterparts in preparedness of working in the homeland defense operations. Other regional

Murals of Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Murals of Mexico - Essay Example It is also after the Mexican revolution that a group of Mexican muralist formed an art movement known as the Mexican Muralism. The Mexican Muralism which I earlier told you about began in the period around the 1920s and it only lasted for approximately 2 decades before the Mexican mural could be taken over by the modern mural artists. It is through these murals in this museum and in other buildings out there that our lovely country-Mexico enhanced its image globally especially in the developed world where most of the renowned Mexican muralists paid a visit and exhibited their artistic potential. Certainly, these murals bring about revolutionary themes to the mind of people whenever you came across them. The murals were also important tools of championing the social cause of the oppressed in the society. They expressed strong post revolutionary statements and positions at personal, social, artistic and political levels considering that the artists used the murals to express their opinions, beliefs, and position in relation to a particular issue at hand. These murals were also used for upholding the Mexican culture and religious stance considering that they tell stories about the gods, significant ceremonies as well as scenes experienced in the early life of the Mexicans. One of the greatest mural works in the Museum of Modern Art involves Diego Rivera frescos of the Agrarian Leader Zapata. Diego Rivera is renowned for transforming the Mexican art industry and his work on the Emiliano Zapata was an exceptional masterpiece.

Behaviorist description of depression Essay Example for Free

Behaviorist description of depression Essay The behavioral perspective of depression links the disorder to a deficit of positive reinforcements in ones life. This lack of reinforcement results in the decline of constructive behavior, which in turn results in depression. Behaviorists posit that a person suffering from depression can develop a plan of action to replenish the deficit of positive reinforcement through the cooperation of family, friends and the therapist. In other words, according to behaviorists, the patients inability to cope with life stress leads to social withdrawal, which reduces the rate of positive reinforcements, which then results in depression. The belief that a person suffering from depression can behave him- or herself out of it is both appealing and troublesome. The benefits of constructive activity notwithstanding, dependence on others for positive reinforcement could result in depression that waxes and wanes in direct proportion to the presence or absence of external stimuli. The danger inherent is this view is of placing too strong a focus on those external reinforcements. A patient who places conditions of worth on his or her actions may be convinced that others will never be in a state of approval of those actions. Such a patient may benefit more greatly from a cognitive therapy that addresses his or her maladaptive thinking patterns and self-deprecating automatic thoughts. It is the therapists responsibility to assess the most effective treatment based on the patients individual profile. The specific therapeutic approach must be tailored to the patents needs and capabilities. If the patient requires guidance to change maladaptive thinking, then a plan to simply change behavior is doomed to fail. The behaviorist perspective can also be interpreted as placing responsibility for depression squarely on the shoulders of the patient. Encouragement (of the patient to take charge of his or her own recovery by changing the nature of his or her personal relationships) can be effective with a strong-willed person who is committed to recovery. By helping to develop a plan of action and monitoring its success and opportunities for improvement, the behavioral therapist maintains at once a reliable presence at a respectful distance. The patients relationships are also important factors in depression that must be addressed to treat depression; ergo behavioral therapy must tackle negativity in that facet of the patients life. The therapist must assess the overall relationship dynamic and any negative patterns of communication between the patient and his or her most significant others. Ideally, a behavioral therapist has evaluated the patient and hypothesized that he or she will benefit from changing behavioral patterns. The therapist patient will then work closely with the patient to assess the nature of his or her innate behavioral patterns to determine which are constructive and which detract from his or her impression of positive reinforcement. Classical conditioning is not suited for this task but modeling and shaping may be effective. Operant conditioning, by definition, is the order of the day. The patient will receive continuous positive reinforcement for behaviors that combat his or her depression, while those that feed the depression will become extinct.

Essay --

The Jazz Age was a movement that began during the early 1920s, which jazz music and dance came about with the establishment of mainstream radio and the end of the World War I. Also known as the Roaring Twenties, the period of American prosperity and economy in growth and symbolized not only a dynamic change in music, but also the daily life of Americans. â€Å"The American people had long parties complete with flappers, speakeasies, illegal bathtub gin, and young people doing the Charleston long into the night (Nash, 677).† Culturally and socially, the Roaring Twenties was a time of fast change, creative innovation, and high-society antics. New technologies, soaring business profits, and higher wages allowed more and more Americans to purchase a wide range of consumer goods. Prosperity also provided Americans with more leisure time, and as play soon became the national pastime, literature, film, and music caught up to document the times. The jazz age was developing rapidly and it started to create conflict between the American people. First of all, the 1920s was a decade of social and cultural change. The American people started working on the economic growth which brought change into their lives. One of the major changes in the jazz age was the living style of Americans. There were changes such as gender roles, new styles and lots of entertainment during the 1920s. Furthermore, the Nineteenth Amendment granted American women the right to vote. This meant that women can now work and gain financial independence. The change had brought many opportunities for women and they gained social freedom. One of the major styles was the flapper’s fashion for women. â€Å"The term "flapper" first appeared in Great Britain after World War I. It was ther... ...nd brought change into their lives. In conclusion, the 1920s may seem to be a golden age of flappers, bootleg gin, constant parties, literary masterpieces, sports heroes, and east wealth. However the truth is much more complicated. More than most decades the 1920s was a time of paradox and contradictions. It was a time of prosperity, yet a great many people, including farmers, blacks, and other ordinary Americans, did not prosper. It was a time of progress, when almost every year saw new technological breakthrough, but it was also a decade of hate and violence. It was a time of rapid change, but violence was taking over many things that the people believed it was their right to speak out and fight for freedom. It was hard times for the African Americans because if racial issues and the birth of the second Ku Klux Klan made life difficult for the African Americans.

Applying Ethical Practice Essay

Ethical Implications The ethical principles involved in the article reviewed are beneficence (bring about positive good) fidelity (trustworthy), and veracity (honesty) The nurse involved is caught between the core principles of nursing, by following the patients wish of not informing her parents by the diagnoses of a sexually transmitted disease. The implications of betraying the core principles of nursing could cause internal conflict with her value principles, and not to mention the trust of the patient. Other implications could be how the parents view the patient. Strict religious convictions of the parents could cause more harm to the young teen by shunning the child, and not letting the child return home would keep the child from receiving the treatment needed, and possibly create a homeless situation for the teen. Making the school aware of the girls’ situation would also be breach of confidentially, and may even cause legal complications for the health care facility. The situation with the sex parties is not related to school activities, unless sex parties were occurring on campus. Due to the fact that the nurse informed the school the young teen attempts suicide, and again may have legal complications for the nurse and the health care facility. All of these implications can be seen in the article reviewed. Ethical Theories and Ethical Principals When it comes to veracity and fidelity the profession of nursing is considered to be at the top of the list. (â€Å"Honesty/Ethics in Professions,† 2013) The Nightingale Pledge calls nurses to have and use these value principles on a daily basis in nursing and also in every day life. According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses provision 3 3.2†¦ the nurse has the duty to maintain confidentiality of all information. Maintaining these principles also promotes Nonmaleficence (do no harm). According Jean Watson’s carative factors (Lachman, 2012) â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship† is at the very core of nursing. Building this relationship with the patient the nurse must be self aware of any  judgmental feelings he/she may have regarding the patient situation.(Lachman, 2012) The nurse needs to decide what is the best way to care for the young teen. If confidentially is broken further treatment by the patient may not be sought after. Respecting the patient also means respecting confidentially. We must gain the patients fidelity and maintain the trust for continuing communication to occur. However in the article reviewed after the nurse discovers the young teens diagnoses she is torn between the trusting relationship she has been developing and the principle of beneficence by informing her parents of the diagnoses of cervical cancer. She also has the information regarding her sexual activates. Again this violates the confidentially needed to maintain the trusting relationship or beneficence. If the trust is not broken the young teen will not seek treatment and further harm will be done. Alternatives Alternatives to this situation would lead to probable breach of several core nursing values, fidelity and veracity. It would also breach Nonmaleficence. However the young teen is a minor and the diagnoses of cervical cancer is a diagnosis that needs treatment requiring parent’s consent. The alternative of keeping the young teens confidence, would result in the patient not receiving the care she needs. Which would be a breach of Nonmaleficence. It would also be a breach fidelity and veracity between the physician and the nurse. The alternative to not informing the school of the sex parties would have a much better outcome, the suicide attempt most likely would not have occurred, and the health care facility would not be looking at probable legal proceedings. Maybe changing the language and leaving out the young teens name would have been a much better alternative. Ethics Committee Approaches A breach of confidentially should never be taken lightly. The disclosure of he information to the school and the resulting attempted suicide may be of bigger concern to the health care facility, rather than the breach of confidentially between the nurse and the young teen since she is a minor, and the breach of confidentially will bring about the care the young teen needs. The committee could raise the question about the physicians’ judgment  and his decision to notify the school. References Honesty/Ethics in Professions. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1654/honesty-ethics-professions.aspx Lachman, V. D. (2012). Applying the Ethics of Nursing to Your Nursing Practice. MEDSURG NURSING, 21(2), 112-117. Retrieved from www.ana.org Nathanson, P. G. (2011, July, 6). Betraying Trust or Providing Good Care? When is it okay to break confidentially? American Journal of Bioethics. Purtilo, R. B., & Doherty, R. F. (2011). Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders. American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Silver Spring, MD: Author.

Cost Behaviors and Allocation Essay

The relationship between fixed, variable, and total costs of an organization is called cost behavior. It is also known as underlying cost structure, and is used for planning, control, and decision making within the organization. Healthcare organizations face several challenges to try and improve the quality of care and reduce costs at the same time. Their response to how to do this describes their cost behavior. Fixed costs is a cost that are certain regardless of the volume of services that are delivered and will occur even if the facility is closed. Variable costs are related directly to the amount of service that is delivered. These two costs make up the underlying cost structure of an organization. For example the costs of supplies used to draw blood in a laboratory, would be the variable costs, the costs to keep the laboratory open would be fixed costs. To understand the cost behaviors of the organization you have to figure out the relationship these costs have with the amount of services that they are delivering. To manage your costs you want to make sure that you are bringing in enough volume that will cover your costs. Cost allocation is a very important part of cost measurement. It is a pricing process that within the organization where managers allocate the costs of all the departments. Within healthcare organizations the overhead costs, costs from patient services departments, and support costs have to be allocated. Due to this pricing and service offerings are based on the total costs in relation with each services. If the allocations of overhead costs are allocated properly the organization is better able to make good decisions for the organization. Works Cited Evans III, J. H. (1998). Cost Management and Management Control in Healthcare Organizations: Research Opportunities. Behavioral Research in Accounting , 10, 78-103. Gapenski, L. (2012). Healthcare finance: An introduction to accounting and financial management (5th ed. ). Chicago: Health Administration Press.

violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essays

By focusing on street crime/violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essays By focusing on street crime/violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essay By focusing on street crime/violence, the media gaze ignores the crimes of more powerful groups in society Essay In order to discuss the above proposition, with reference to crimes such as domestic violence and child abuse, I shall need to investigate several themes and discourses ; essentially the term dangerousness and why, when we focus on a particular site of crime, do we marginalize other potential sites? I will also be looking at how we define the more powerful groups in society; what is perceived as real crime and does family violence/abuse fall within these parameters. Does the media focus on street crime and violence, ensuring that the crimes of the powerful stay out of the publics vision, and if so, why? The issues surrounding crime, the powerful and, indeed offences within the home are contested and complex. To enable us to look at why the media ignores crimes of the more powerful members of society, I will consider the feminist view of conjugal violence and child abuse, then touch upon the area of corporate crime, in order to exhume the hidden crimes of the powerful. Thus, showing crime can, and does, occur at every level of society, regardless of status, race, age or gender; whether it is acknowledged or not. A basic definition of crime, as described by Tappan, is Black Letter Law; an act punishable by law; it is at the states discretion to label those who are deviant (Tappan, 1947, p100). People of a prominent rank within the state are empowered to be able to determine who and what are criminalised; further more they are capable of deciding who are classed as the powerful members of society. In this instance, we can assume these powerful members of society to be, politicians, law makers, agents of social control (etc. ), who control what is deemed right or wrong. a crime has only been committed if the law states so. Modern ideas regarding crime came in the early nineteenth century, with the growth of cities and urbanization; although seen as progression, it was also deemed a site of danger, where crime and disorder was common. The theme of dangerousness, not only covers places, but also people. It sets certain members of society apart from others; they were known as, the dangerous classes, the underclass or social residuum, as described by Murray, These poor people didnt lack just money. They were defined by their behaviour, (Murray, Criminological Perspectives, p127). Images of the dangerous classes were projected to the public, where they were considered to be a threat to the moral, public and legal order of society; some of these perceptions are evident today. When we view crime in the city, through the theme of dangerousness, some types of crime are focused upon, while others are pushed into the background. The media and the public tend to concentrate on street crime; mugging or burglary, which is visible. In contrast, white collar or corporate crimes, such as fraud are invisible, even though they are a prominent characteristic of the city. As Box points out, For too long too many people have been socialized to see crime and criminals through the eyes of the state, (Box, 1983, p281). There is a vast diversity in sites and types of criminal activity; ranging from inner city slum areas to the boardroom and from drug use to fraud. It is the above mentioned dominant groups within society, who are authorized to deem a particular activity criminal or a site to be prone to these activities. Alongside this, they are also of a status where they can pass laws that safeguard their own. People in power not only have the ability to criminalize, they are also in a prime position to hide their crimes. The politically powerful can hide their offences, such as illegal arms-dealing, from the public, through directing the media towards other areas of crime, as discussed in a previous assignment. The economic influential groups can conceal their misdemeanours, like fraud, behind regulations and multifaceted business laws. However, it is not only at this level of society that power exists; within the home there are micro relations of power; between partners and among the adults and children. These power relations can result in domestic violence crimes and child abuse never being discussed, reported to the police or punished by the law. The above examples imply that dominant conceptions of crime, especially those that repeatedly appeal to the media, are blurred by which crime is publicly detectable. It is telling, that until recently, domestic violence and corporate crime featured in few court cases. Dangerousness is not only a feature of city life; it also features within the home. A fact which has only recently been acknowledged and discussed, as public and political disquiet has lay elsewhere. Previously, the family has been thought of as a private and secure sanctuary, where no state intervention was required, as stated by Blagg and Smith (1989), an image of a settled, harmonious, wholesome and ord erly unit without needing interference of the state and its army of functionaries to prop it up, (Blagg and Smith, 1989, p23). Unfortunately, this is not the case for many families and it was not until the end of the nineteenth Century and latter part of the twentieth Century that community anxieties arose. Before these times, there was an unmistakable division between public and private; an assault on the street was criminalized, but within a family, it was not. The feminist movement played a key role in bringing domestic violence to the forefront of public thought; prior to this, people did not wish to think of crime taking place within the home, as this challenged the image of the ideal family. As Segal (1990) points out, it is startling to realize that rape and mens violence towards women became a serious social and political issue only through feminist attention to them, (Segal, 1990, p211). How are these types of crime defined, because if we take the normal family discourse, some violence is seen as commonplace, whereas a welfare discourse would class it as abuse, rather than violence. Feminists were particularly critical of this view, as by dismissing family violence as family problems, the power relations of age and gender are neglected. There are many contested and complex theories on this matter, thus, it is impossible to give a clear cut definition regarding what constitutes as crime within the home.. In contrast, the feminist discourse view domestic violence and child abuse as exploitation and manipulation of power. Mirlees-Black stated, victims of domestic violence may not define their experiences as crimes, (Mirlees-Black et al. , 1998 p6). This is one of the reasons it is so difficult to obtain a true picture of these types of crime, as many see the violence as the norm. In 1999, statistics from the Home Office, showed that a quarter of violent crime occurred within the home, (Home Office and Cabinet Office Womens Unit, 1999, Chapter 1, p2), but this is probably much higher due to the concealed environment of the family. Also, close relationships between household members make it difficult for victims to come forward. Sufferers may blame themselves or be too frightened to speak out, through fear of retaliation or not being believed; it may be that they are financially dependent on the perpetrator. All of these notions could prevent crimes within the home being reported to the police and consequently make it extremely difficult to gain accurate statistics regarding the level and number of these crimes. Even though surveys may produce more truthful figures, if the correct questions are not asked, we are again left with clouded information. According to Painter (1991), the figures of rape within marriage are much higher than sexual assaults on the street. The feminist discourse sees a connection between crimes within the home and how masculinities are formed. Men within the family are predominantly seen as the powerful members, with women being submissive. As Gordon explains, masculinity refers to, The basis of wife beating is male dominance not superior physical strength or violent temperament but social economic, political and psychological power , (Gordon, 1989, p251). Domestic violence and child abuse is often seen as only affecting the dangerous classes, only occurring in a minority of dysfunctional families; blaming it on the stress of being unemployed leading to alcohol abuse or the woman provoking the situation. This view takes the spotlight away from the more powerful members of society (middle/upper classes), who may be just as likely to be harbouring crime within the home. We have seen how the powerful are able to manipulate what is portrayed in the media; the media are willing to comply as their focus is on subjects that will tantalize readers and it is them that play a significant role in our perception of crime and disorder. The public are more comfortable with hearing about street crime and violence, than crimes within the home and they cannot visualize corporate crime, so perhaps think that it will not affect them. If crimes of the powerful cannot be seen, does this mean they are less real or serious? In actual fact, it is the opposite that is true, as they gain more power and are more dangerous by not being clearly viewed. We have also seen how, through the theme of dangerousness, certain sites of crime are focused upon, while others which are as, if not more, serious, are pushed into the background. Similarly, people that are conceived to be from the dangerous classes, through misguided preconceptions, are seen to be more prone to criminal activity, than the members of the more powerful groups within society. Due to the medias chief representation of violent crime and delinquency, crimes of the powerful are less obvious. Box summarizes this well, Maybe what is stuffed into our consciousness as the crime problem is in fact an illusion, a trick to deflect our attention away from other, even more serious crimes and victimizing behaviours, which objectively cause the vast bulk of avoidable death, injury and deprivation, (Box, Criminological Perspectives, p272s of Boxs mystification can be seen by recent events that have occurred, such as, the Clapham Rail disaster or the sinking of the Marchioness boat. By the powerful not taking responsibility, the blame falls on to the powerless employees. Even though these incidents resulted in death, neither was believed to be real crimes. Box puts the reason behind this down to ideological mystification; low visibility of private working areas, results in negligence being pushed out of the publics vision. Corporate crime is also conveniently well hidden from public view; through its complexity, criminal activities are hard to trace and haphazard regulations make it even easier for offences to go unnoticed. Combined with the ever increasing world of new technology, makes this task of uncovering offences almost impossible. However, although previously concealed, crimes within the home have now come much further to the forefront and have become recognised as such, mainly due to feminists disputing thoughts of the family being a private site; they have made domestic violence and child abuse visible and established them as criminal acts. That is not to say that these offences are easily defined, as they are not and the law has some way to go, before all criminals within the home are brought to justice.

Study and Discussion Questions for Lord of the Flies

Study and Discussion Questions for 'Lord of the Flies' Lord of the Flies is a famous and highly controversial novel by William Golding. An unusually violent version of a coming-of-age story, the novel is viewed as an allegory, exploring the aspects of human nature that lead us to turn on each other and resort to violence. Golding was a war veteran, and much of his literary career was spent exploring these themes central to an understanding of humanity. His other works include Free Fall, about a prisoner in a German camp during World War II; The Inheritors which depicts a race of gentle people being overrun by a more violent race and Pincher Martin, a story told from the point of view of a drowning soldier Here are a few questions about Lord of the Flies for study and discussion, to help improve your understanding of its themes and characters. Why Is the Novel Called Lord of the Flies? What is important about the title? Is there a reference in the novel that explains the title? Hint: Simon is the one who names the pigs staked head.  Central to the plot of Lord of the Flies is the idea of order and society being crucial to survival. Does Golding seem to be advocating for a structured society, or against it? Explain your answer using one of the characters as your evidence. Plot and Character in Lord of the Flies Which of the boys on the island is the most well-developed character? Which is the most poorly developed? Could Golding have done more to explore the boys backstories, or would that have slowed the plot?Could Lord of the Flies have taken place at another point in history? Explore this possibility by choosing a time period and determining how the plot would have played out there.  How important is the setting in Lord of the Flies? Would it have been as effective to the plot if Golding had stranded the boys on another planet, for instance? Explain your answer.The ending of Lord of the Flies is not unexpected; it seemed likely throughout the novel that the boys eventually would be rescued. But does the ending satisfy you? What do you think Golding was trying to say by letting us hear the Navy officers inner thoughts?   Putting Lord of the Flies in Larger Context If you were going to recommend Lord of the Flies to a friend, how would you describe it? Would you warn them of the novels violence?  Understanding that the central plot is highly controversial, do you think Lord of the Flies should be censored or banned? Does it make sense that it has been banned in the past?Do you agree that Lord of the Flies is a companion piece of sorts to J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye? How do you think Holden Caulfield would have fared on Goldings island with the rest of the boys?

Within the Context of the Boundaryless Career Critically Analyse the Coursework

Within the Context of the Boundaryless Career Critically Analyse the Challenges Faced by Graduates in a Volatile Global Economy - Coursework Example 1 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Boundary less Careers 3 Challenges Faced by Graduates 4 Conclusions 6 References 7 Introduction The recent economic downturn had a deep impact on the job market as companies went overdrive to cut jobs in the backdrop of a severe financial crisis. The period of economic recession saw many individuals being handed pink slips (Tuppen, 1988, p.54). It also meant that fresh graduates even from reputed institutions could not find a job of their choice. This has led to emergence of certain very critical aspects with regards to career growth and development of individuals (Roberts, 2009). The present study would analyze the career aspects of a graduate in the recessionary environment in the backdrop of a boundary less career for an individual. Boundary less Careers The definition of boundary less career itself is a matter of research with varied version of the definition of the term across academic circles. Among the most accepted of the definition is t he one given by Arthur and Rousseau (1996) that defines boundary less careers as the complete opposite of organizational career that span across various organizations against traditional assumptions of employment. The definition given above was challenged by Eby (2001) who defined boundary less careers as a connecting sequence of expertise across jobs and companies (Barling & Cooper, 2008, p.279). Greenhaus, Callanan & Godshalk (2009) Conducted a research into the aspect of boundary less careers and concluded that the aspect was majorly due to the inter organizational mobility and a change in attitude among the employees to look for greener pastures in their careers. This trend is particularly been observed in the capitalist economies of USA, UK and other developed nations as there are large number of business organizations that are ever in need of good professionals for their company. There are many perspectives on this approach firstly, certain researchers propose that boundary fe wer careers involve increased mobility towards better opportunities and rewards. Another contradictory school of thought states that aspects like mentality, identity and psychological aspects that defines the aspect of boundary less careers. Networking and connections also play a major role in the mobility of individuals across organizations (Greenhaus, Callanan & Godshalk, 2009, p.23-24). The aspect of boundary less careers has also been debated with regards to the aspect of commitment and loyalty. On one hand some individuals feel that the aspect of boundary less careers has reduced the loyalty and commitment aspects. The protagonists of this theory feel that boundary less carers have increased and improved individual performance in the quest for greater improvements in the careers due to which individuals resort to job hopping across organizations and business verticals in an attempt to better influence the careers (Purcell & Wright, 2007, p.133-134). Guest & Conway (2004) stated that there was a contrasting view in boundary fewer careers as it led to development of loyalty towards an individual’s own career and personal interests. Academic and research professionals have often critiqued this aspect and stated that this was detrimental to the organizational interests as individuals in boundary less careers often put themselves and their personal ambitions before the organizational interests (Guest & Conway, 2004, p.51). Challenges Faced by Graduates The recent market recession has led to a serious job cuts within economies. According to the data released by OECD USA alone reported a major job cut that is evident from the fact that there were 145362000 employed civilians in 2008 as compared to 139877000 individuals in the following year. The statistics reveal a clear

Political science. Palestine and Orientalism Essay

Political science. Palestine and Orientalism - Essay Example In his study Said blended political polemic and literary excursion. He writes: "The Orient is not only adjacent to Europe; it is also the place of Europe's greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other" (Said, 1979, pp.1-2) Said claims that Orientalism is an academic area which causes interest in a variety of academic institutions, because all teachers, sooner or later begin to research Orient and apply their knowledge in the areas of their competence. Said holds that since the end of eighteenth century the scholarly and academic meanings of Orientalism have been quite 'politically correct' and the related efforts have been restricted. Furthermore, Said believes that Orientalism reflects Western style of domination and is close-knit with Western mind, usually related to perceiving Orient as a 'younger brother' or 'poorer kin'. Said holds that the antagonistic political relationship between the Sast and the West lies in the earliest development the struggle between Islam and Christianity. According to Said, Orientalism, which presents Christian world as 'higher', is used as a demonstration of European power and is seen as a comparative theory, in which two eternal rivals - the East and the West - make an 'argument' with predicted conclusion which is to sum up that European beliefs and culture are more humanistic and more suitable and more appropriate for harmonious development of an individual. Similarly to other '-isms', Orientalism has been ill-treated from the ancient times up to the present. From the other angle of view, Orientalism is a natural movement, whose toughness is quite sufficient in its universal authenticity. This movement is a product of synergy, which takes place among different studies, accumulated by different followers, who are interested in one of the richest world cultures, and Oriental culture. Moreover, Said's study has itself caused a number of responses, either positive or negative.Lewis attempted to criticize Said's approach -in particular, in his article ' The question of Orientalism', which defended Middle Eastern studies, and in particular, Palestinian studies. On the other hand, Lewis was a newcomer to the United States, and his refutation - a forceful defense of the European and Palestinian traditions (which sometimes converts into an attack) - did not canceled Said's complaints about the problems and complications of American Middle Eastern studies. Lewis, for instance, writes that, in fact, Europe hasn't yet experienced (or probably, hasn't noticed) such considerable influence of Orientalism on its tradition. Lewis's main notes were following: 1) Firstly, it would be wrong to claim that Oriental studies are limited to the study of Muslim culture, while in fact Biblical research is an essential and substantial element or Orientalism. Palestine as the country of diverse religions supports both religious doctrines, so it needs more profound inquiry than Said has done. 2) Secondly, there is no doubt that an identifiable part of Western studies was stimulated by either political or religious propaganda "and appeared throughout the ages with distorted images of Islam, the East and its cultures; however, this movement cannot be termed "Orientalism", rather it is "False Orientalism" (Lewis, 1982,

West side story movies script analysis,comprising it with novel Essay

West side story movies script analysis,comprising it with novel - Essay Example In addition, the movie earned 9 other Oscars for best supporting actors (male and female), best director, best cinematography, best art direction, best sound, best musical score, best editing, best costumes as well as a special award for best choreography (3). The film has received further accolades such as New York Film Critics Award for best picture, Grammy Award for best sound tract, Writers’ Guild Award of America for best written musical, New York Film Critics Circle Award for best film and the Golden Globe Award for best motion picture (3). Thus, the film can be seen as a highly successful venture in terms of its appeal to the common masses as well as the strong impression it has left on both critics and evaluators of the art of cinema. The stage production of West Side Story has been premiered in Broadway during 1957, just four years before it has been adapted for the movie production in Hollywood in 1961. It is needless to mention that both forms of art differ drastically in many ways in their conventions as visual and performing arts. The most significant of such changes primarily reflect in the music composition of Bernstein, who has accurately considered different specific aspects to cater to movie format. The movie’s theme primarily encompasses the issues of immigration and gang conflicts in the US, which have been major social problems for the country for a long time. The movie has also been able to align Bernstein’s music and Robbins’ choreography so seamlessly into the plot as to enhance its intrigue and appeal rather than to distract from it. Another major consideration for the stage show has been orchestration of music scores for obvious reasons. It is needless to mention that stage shows limit the scope for using a wide range of instruments and often cannot permit on the spot corrections. On the other hand, movies

The Function And Principle Of A Circuit Breaker Engineering Essay

The Function And Principle Of A Circuit Breaker Engineering Essay The main of a circuit breaker is to control electrical power in a system by switching circuits ON, by carrying load and by switching circuits OFF under manual or automatic supervision. Circuit breakers are usually in a closed position while carrying load, or in an open position which provides electrical isolation. They are summoned on to change from one condition to the other only occasionally, and to perform the special function of closing on to a faulty circuit or blocking short circuit current only on very rare occasions. Therefore the main property of a circuit breaker is that they must be reliable and work instantaneously to operate any switching operation when called upon after long period of time without movement. During the past 50 years as a result of growth in network size, the severity of duties such as interruption of short circuits has immensely increased. Due to the growing technology in the world, network voltages have risen from 132 to 750kv now in this period experimental network systems of 1000kV are being built. SC ratings have risen from the order of 1106 kVA on networks with low circuit severity factors and associated with ill- defined proof testing techniques, to 50x 106 kVA on networks that involve very high circuit severity factors, also these are associated with elaborate proof testing. Earlier plain break oil circuit breaker designs required a rather variable time of 10-20 cycles to operate their switching functions. But the introduction of arc controlled systems quickly reduced it to 6-8 cycles, improving this technology further many designs have been now made that can operate within 2 cycles. 2) Development of circuit breakers: Oil The most successful of the arc interrupting systems in history was undoubtedly the oil CB which is still used in its principle nature in present day practice. The oil CB uses the properties of the arc by using its energy to crack the oil molecules and generate gas, principally hydrogen, which with properly designed control systems can be used to sweep, cool and compress arc plasma and so de-ionise itself with a self-extinguishing process. But this system was unstable and it became evident that there was a need for circuit breakers which possessed a more positive system of interruption than the forticious de-ionisation associated with uncontrolled gas and oil flow. An early and notable step up was the general electric (USA) H Type CB introduced in 1920s, which employed two metal explosion pots per phase, oil filled and with insulation nozzels through which the moving contacts were withdrawn vertically upwards, the explosion pot had been mounted on ceramic insulators within an air- ins ulated cubicle structure. Later, Slepian (Westinghouse) proposed a deion grid in which the arc was fored to be submerged in the OCB tank, which increased effectiveness of the means of preventing the escape of gases generated in the vicinity of the arc without passing through the arc steam (Baker and Wilcox, 1930). Another approach was to use the arc to generate high pressures within a small insulating chamber immersed in the oil, such as that developed by GE(Prince and Skeats, 1931) in USA, which restricted oil and gas escape to an axial flow surrounding the arc plasma in the throuat of the interrupter; and later in the cross flow interrupter developed by the British Electrical Research Association (Whitney and Wedmore, 1930), which forms the basis of many present day designs. The controlled turbulence and high pressure and resultant rapid de-ionisation in these systems eliminated the erratic operation of the plain break by virtually eliminating the leakage current, but with this it also eliminated the useful voltage damping and voltage control function this current had performed in previous designs, voltage division then reverting to the capacitance controlled distribution. A desirable compromise would be to retain the advantages that leakage current can afford but eliminating the erratic nature of this control. No means of achieving this have as yet been suggested and this may remain in soluble, because of the difficulties of the control problem it creates. For this to take place in a surrounding in which dielectric stress imposed by the network is changing at several thousand volts per microsecond and in which arc plasma conductivity changes approximately a billion times as fast as temperature in the critical range of 1000-3000 K associated with thermal ionization. The idea of a single break carrying out the whole duty however extended too high in voltage in some designs in terms of contemporary techniques at this period, some difficulty was observed in situations such as switching long open ended transmission lines. These limitations were associated with the electrical and mechanical strength of the insulation materials then available, which neither permitted the CN to be designed with the acceleration necessary to ensure restrike free switching, nor to have their jet assemblies restricted sufficiently to prevent the arc, in unfavorable situations, from from flashing through the jets and along the outside of the interrupter, thus by-passing the interrupting mechanism provided. The advances in performance of present day e.h.v. dead tank oil and low oil CB construction have been brought about by using the multibreak designs, but with the added complication of positive voltage control; by reducing the inertia of the moving parts through the use of new high tensile materials or eliminating mechanical linkages by the use of high preassure oil drives; by improved containment of the arc with the interrupter as the result of the grater pressures that can be sustained through the use of materials such as thread wound fiberglass; and by working on techniques for arc control, which include limited forced oil flow pressurizing of the interrupter. The overall complication of low oil circuit isolation switches, made possible by the improved internal dielectric parameters following shorter arc time. The multibreak (Prince, 1935) impulse CB already referred to was a special case as it relied entirely on oil flow produced by a piston driven by external energy. The best known example of this type is the 8-break 287 kV 2500 MVA General Electric Boulder Dam installation commissioned in 1935, which afforded a 3-cycle interruption under all conditions of switching. These CB were also the first to be proved by means of realistic high power synthetic testing using current and voltage supplied from different circuits and synchronized within a few  µSec at current zero, using a system devised by Skeats(1936). These tests were carried out without any sort of failure to an equivalent SC level in excess of 4000 MVA, and it is of historic interest to the world of synthetic testing, on which modern high power breakers rely largely for proof of rating, to note that these CB were still operating successfully, after 35years of service, in a network with a fault capacity of the order of 7000 MVA. The high price of powerful equipment needed to drive the oil in both American and British models of this system discouraged future projects in this area, thus hampering development in this field, at a time when the modular construction of the air blast CB made possible began to be apparent. This together with a change away from oil and it should be considered that even engineering is not free from the influence of fashion encouraged a swing to airblast construction. Nevertheless the difficulties ingerent in deciding on such long term development policies in switchgear are exemplified by the decade or more which passed before the HV irblast CB matched the best oil CB practice in both their performance and reliability. Miniature Circuit Breakers: Miniature CB are only used at LV, mainly in domestic or light industrial or commercial operations. In general they are used in the same applications as semi-enclosed or cartridge fuses and offers an alternative for protecting radial or ring circuits. They are usually only single phase devices and have a typical rated load current range of up to 100A with a maximum SC rating of 16kA at 240V. Manually operated over center spring operating mechanisms are used. MCBs usually employ a series overload coil for rapid SC tripping and bimettalic element for tripping on overloads. All miniature CB operate on the air- break principle where an arc formed between the main contacts is forced, by means of an arc runner, and the magnetic effects of the SC currents, into metallic arc splitter plates. These cause a no. of series acrc to be formed and at the same time extract energy from the arc and cool it to achieve a state called arc extinction. With some design modifications of the MCB this arc interruption process can be so rapid that current cut-off can be achieved in much the same way as described for a current-limiting fuse. MCBs do not provide rapid operation for very low values of earth leakage current. In todays world wiring regulations require that a very rapid operation is achieved in the occasion of an earth fault to subsidize the harms of electrocution. This requires operation for earth fault currents as low as 30mA in a time of 2-3ms. C:UsersMohmed TalhaDesktopdoosanproject report (mid sem)MCB working.jpg Fig 3.1 Working principle of a MCB To achieve this requirement on MCB a variation on the basic construction is done. Such a modified device is known as earth leakage CB. Tripping at such low values of earth leakage current is done by using an internal current transformer to pass feed and return conductors. Resultant flux of the CT core is zero. Under EF condition the feeding and return currents will be of different values, this current difference cause flux to generate with the CT core which produces an output voltage at its secondary terminals. The tripping circuit of the residual current device is energized from the secondary winding terminals. The contacts of the MCB and residual current devices are not maintainable and have to be replaced after a limited number of operations is necessary. This problem is seldom and eroded contacts can be usually detected by overheating which causes unnecessary tripping of the device. Air Circuit Breakers: Atmospheric air is used as an interrupting medium in an ACB. The arc is drawn between its contacts and extended via arc runners on to an arc chute where it is presented with a large cooling surface of arc splitter plates. These break the arc into a number of series arcs. The running principle of an ACB is the same as that of an MCB. Free air circuit breakers are often used in LV and MV applications up to approximately 20KV. A rated current of typically 4000A and also work perfectly in case of a SC current of up to 90kA at 12kV. Fault level, number of operations and types of load are applications of LV switchgears where tireless operation is required. Also due to economic considerations molded case CB have replaced many LV applications where previously ACBs were used. But, ACB still dominate in areas where high performance, long term reliability and maintainability are basic requirements. A very typical application to support this statement is in generating stations LV auxiliary suppl y. The main application of HV ACBs has been in applications where the exclusion of flammable materials is a fundamental requirement. Again a typical application being in a generating stations HV auxiliary supplies, mainly 11kV. But such high rated ACBs are very expensive and are not recommended, thus this is diminishing and the scales are tipping over to the more favorable SF6 circuit breakers. A further application of the ACB is for use with DC supplies, this method of interruption still being the most suitable for d.c. circuits. DC circuit breakers are widely used where ratings of up to 3 kV exist. AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERS: These use a blast of compressed air at a pressure of 25-75 bar which is derected across the arc patch to cool and remove ionized gas. Only when arc lengths are short and at first or zero current the air blast circuit breakers perform fast in interruption. Also in the receiver of the CB compressed air has to be stored locally. This local reserve has to be replenished from a local air compressor. Usually a suitable ring main network is used as a central system to feed the circuit breakers. 2 types of Air Blast Circuit Breaker exist: Sequentially isolated circuit breaker recloses after air blast Pressurised head circuit breaker- remains open after air blast SF6 circuit breakers A circuit breaker in which the current carrying contacts operate in Sulphur Hexafluoride or SF6 gas is known as an  SF6 Circuit Breaker. SF6 has an excellent insulating property. SF6 has high electro-negativity. That means it has high affinity of absorbing free electron. Whenever a free electron collides with the SF6 gas molecule, it is absorbed by that gas molecule and forms a negative ion. C:UsersMohmed TalhaDesktopdoosanproject report (mid sem)SF6 CB.jpg Fig 3. Working of an SF6 CB Disadvantages of SF6 breakers SF6 is considered as a greenhouse gas and though it is very efficient in some circuit breakers, laws are being passed which restrict the emission of this gas into the atmosphere in some countries. Also the energy requirement of an SF6 breaker is 5 times that of an oil circuit breaker which is not very economical Fig 3. One type of SF6 rotating arc principle Types of SF6 circuit breakers: Single interrupter- 220kV system Double interrupter- 400kV system Four interrupter- 715kV system Working of the SF6 CB (ref. http://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-switchgear/sf6-circuit-breaker.php) The working of SF6 CB of first generation was quite simple, it is some extent similar to air blast circuit breaker. Here SF6 gas was compressed and stored in a high pressure reservoir. During  operation of SF6 circuit breaker  this highly compressed gas is released through the arc and collected to relatively low pressure reservoir and then it pumped back to the high pressure reservoir for reutilize, Innovation of puffer type design makes operation of SF6 CB much easier. In buffer type design, the arc energy is utilized to develop pressure in the arcing chamber for arc quenching.  Here the breaker is filled with SF6 gas at rated pressure. There are two fixed contact fitted with a specific contact gap. A sliding cylinder bridges these to fixed contacts. The cylinder can axially slide upward and downward along the contacts. There is one stationary piston inside the cylinder which is fixed with other stationary parts of the SF6 circuit breaker, in such a way that it cannot change i ts position during the movement of the cylinder. As the piston is fixed and cylinder is movable or sliding, the internal volume of the cylinder changes when the cylinder slides. During opening of the breaker the cylinder moves downwards against position of the fixed piston hence the volume inside the cylinder is reduced which produces compressed SF6 gas inside the cylinder. The cylinder has numbers of side vents which were blocked by upper fixed contact body during closed position. As the cylinder move further downwards, these vent openings cross the upper fixed contact, and become unblocked and then compressed SF6 gas inside the cylinder will come out through this vents in high speed towards the arc and passes through the axial hole of the both fixed contacts. The arc is quenched during this flow of SF6 gas. During closing of the SF6 circuit breaker, the sliding cylinder moves upwards and as the position of piston remains at fixed height, the volume of the cylinder increases which introduces low pressure inside the cylinder compared to the surrounding. Due to this pressure difference SF6 gas from surrounding will try to enter in the cylinder. The higher pressure gas will come through the axial hole of both fixed contact and enters into cylinder via vent and during this flow; the gas will quench the arc. Vacuum Circuit Breakers: Vacuum CBs do not require an interrupting medium or an insulation medium. The interrupters do not contain ionizable material During the separation of current-carrying contacts, contact pressure reduces real contact surface reduces and the temperature of contacts increases to melting temperature, this produces metal vapors which initiates the vacuum arc, maintaining until the next current zero. Due to the special geometry of spiral contacts, the arc column is kept rotating by the radial magnetic field produced in order to involve a wider surface than that of a fixed contracted arc. Thus, overheating and erosion of the contacts are prevented. So the lifespan of the CB is increased. Since there is no interruption or insulation material in the medium there is definitely no decomposition of gases or particles. Advantages of vacuum circuit breakers: Very long lifetime of the contacts Less maintenance required Less moving parts in mechanism Less force needed to separate the contacts Environment friendly. Since interruption takes place in a vacuum medium, VCBs do not require gas or liquid addition. This reduces the possibility of leakage of gas that can be harmful to the environment. Requirements of a circuit breaker: The power dealt by the circuit breakers is quite large and serves as an important link between the consumers and suppliers. The following are the necessary requirements for a circuit breaker or switchgear It must safely interrupt the normal working current as well as the short circuit current After occurrence of fault the switchgear must isolate the faulty circuit as quickly as possible i.e. keeping the delay to minimum It must have a high sense of discrimination i.e. in systems where an alternate arrangements have been made for continuity of supply it should isolate the only faulty circuit without affecting any of the healthy ones. It should not operate when an over current flows under healthy conditions Circuit breaker Tripping schemes Relay with make contact type Relay with break contact type The make type contact necessities auxiliary DC supply for operation, while the break type contact relays derive their tripping energy from main supply source, they are discussed as follows; Relay with make contact type: The relays are connected in star, while their three contacts are connected in parallel and this parallel unit of contacts is connected in series with breaker auxiliary switch and trip coil to battery supply. When a fault occurs on any of the phase the relay will close the contact this energizes the respective trip coil which opens the CB and along with it auxiliary switch is opened and the trip coil De energized, the supply of current to fault path is stopped and the relay contact comes to normal position. The advantage of the auxiliary switch is that breaking of the tripping circuit takes place only across this switch and arcing, etc. which is harmful to contacts over the relay contacts is avoided. Relay with break type contact: The tripping circuit derives its energy from the main supply source through CTs or PT. The relay elements and the trip coil of each phase are connected in series and are so connected as to form a star connection. Under the normal working conditions the relay contacts are closed and at the same time the trip coils energized. When a fault occurs, the relay contacts open and CB trip coils are energized to open the CB.

Inequality for all Essay example -- Racial Relations, Bigotry, Racial

People of color have been the targets of bigotry, racial discrimination, and oppression since the arrival of the early European settlers. This is evident in the mass extermination of the Native Americans and in the kidnapping and enslavement of African’s in the 1600’s. Although slavery was abolished over 100 years ago the traumatic effects of this injustice is present in today’s society. The forefathers of America built this nation with the hands of black people and despite their contribution to this country they continue to be marginalized. Even though black people have made many strides this long-standing history of oppression has persevered throughout the generations. The deep-rooted contention of inequality and injustice has infiltrated the social fabric of American society and government as black people today experience discrimination on every level. Structured discrimination has been to blame for the many disparities that black people face in America. The m ost obvious are the disproportionate amount of minorities in the United States Criminal Justice System. Blacks make up approximately 13% of the U.S. population, and whites 67% of the U.S. population (Census, 2009); however, of the 2.2 million incarcerated, 900,000 are Black (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011). Brief History of Racism & the Mythology of White Superiority Throughout American history the ideology of racism has been ever-present. The idea of white supremacy and black inferiority was birthed from American nationalism. Ironically, the enslavements of African Americans were necessary in order to free colonial America from monarch rule. As a country founded on the philosophy of individual freedoms the enslavement of blacks’ needed to be justified. Indentur... ...covered that some neighborhoods spend more than a million dollars each year to incarcerate and return these residents, coining the phase â€Å"million dollar blocks† (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2006). To house a prisoner in 2010 it cost an average of $70.56 per day; this number is an estimated $25,754.40 per year. The average cost to attend a public 4-year college is approximately $8,000-$12,000; nearly half the amount to house a prisoner. The oppression of minorities has occurred for generations. Its practices have been made policy since 1705 with the Virginia Slave Codes. Structured inequality has infiltrated the policies that govern this nation. This is evident in the many disparities minorities face. The depth of structured inequality goes beyond changing policy. Not only does policy need to change but also people must be inundated with the message of tolerance.

Assessment ‘Of mice and men’ Essay

Of mice and men is a novel by john Steinbeck about two migrant agricultural labourers George Milton and Lennie Small. At the outstart they are working at a ranch in northern California. The ranch is a microcosm of the macrocosm that was in America at that time in 1939. During this period of failed businesses, harsh poverty, and long-term unemployment, we see how people attempted to survive on the ranch. In this essay I am going to clarify how Steinbeck presents the theme of discrimination in chapter 3. Discrimination seems particularly unpleasant on the ranch because there are lonely, isolated characters, who looking are for friends and an escape from solitariness. In chapter 3 we see discrimination in the form of racism, ageism and sexism. The victims of discrimination in this novel are: Crooks, a black stable buck; Curley’s Wife, the farm owner’s neglected daughter-in-law; and Candy, an old, disabled housekeeper. Crooks, is terribly discriminated against because of his natural skin colour, which he has no choice to change it. â€Å"S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ’cause you was black† this illustrates that the migrants on the ranch discriminate against him by having him left out of the gang. Furthermore he lives in a little shack on his own. They don’t treat him equally; in fact it almost feels like as if they don’t see him as human being. They don’t care about his feelings and emotions; nevertheless this isolation has consequently affected his mental and physical well being. Crooks is not allowed to enter the Bunk house, whereas Candy’s dog can. Therefore clearly this shows that they treat animals better than him. Although the dog has someone that looks out for him, crooks has no one except his books. Despite him believing that â€Å"Books ain’t no good†. Crooks had a bright childhood where he could play with white children and socialise with them, but this discrimination against him has affected him deeply. He never accepted this way of life unlike other slaves of his time, â€Å"I got a right to have a light† this shows that he is aware of his rights, even when he is having a simple conversation with mentally ill Lennie, who has no idea about rights not even his. Evidently this discrimination made crooks desperate for a companionship, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody† this demonstrates that crooks has gone to the point where he is dying for a shoulder to cry on, even Lennie with a childlike brain. â€Å"Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you†, This implies that he doesn’t care if the friend is white or black, furthermore it shows that crooks is not racist. He plays horseshoes all day as an attempt to be liked and be accepted for what he is. Similarly Candy is discriminated against because of his age. As they know that he hasn’t got the physical strength to defend himself or his dog, they take advantage of him and forced him to allow his only friend to be killed. Steinbeck used this to clarify that within the society the powerful ones rule the helpless and no matter what we do there will always be evil around us. â€Å"Why’n’t you get candy to shoot his dog†. This makes candy think that this could be the prospect for him when he gets useless. It drove him to the desperation point of putting his life saving into the hands of complete strangers wanting to escape from the same ending as his beloved dog. The men on the ranch describe the dog as a â€Å"stinking hound† and an â€Å"old bastard†. Candy feels dejected as he says â€Å"I wish somebody would shoot me when I become useless†. He feels left out and not respected because of his age as they killed his only friend, he feels that he doesn’t wish to live without his precious dog anymore. Candy, a lost old man, he’s missing a hand and his most reliable and trust worthy companion. â€Å"i lost my hand my hand right here on this ranch, that’s why they gave me a job swampin'† this worries candy that he will get fired soon because if he can no longer work he will be dispensable. Steinbeck used this character because the older generation would relate to him. Curley’s wife is the only women on the ranch. Everybody makes fun of her; they don’t talk to her as a friend because she’s a woman. â€Å"Aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am anyways?†.This quotation shows that she is quarantined from the other migrants just like crooks and candy they are all isolated characters. The men on the ranch don’t give a chance to get to know her personally, they just labelled her a â€Å"trouble maker†, and being Curley’s wife doesn’t do her any favour. As we never hear her real name in the book it shows how belittled she is, she is seen as a property of Curley’s. Steinbeck did this because back in those days men were dominant and women were just seen as house wives. The men on the ranch act on their prejudice calling her nasty names such as a â€Å"rattrap†, â€Å"jailbait†, and â€Å"tart†. Due to this she feels alone and discriminated against, because she is only seeking for attention to make friends, she’s is not what they describe to be. Curley’s wife is desperate for a companion just like candy and Crooks; she wants someone to listen to her because Curley is never around, he never gives her the attention she needs, â€Å"I don’t like Curley, he ain’t a nice fella†, clearly shows that she isn’t happy, she feels trapped and lonely. Due to this she wonders around the ranch looking something to do, someone to talk to. Overall in conclusion Steinbeck carefully used these types of characters, because they each represent different society at that time of the book. Racism was very high and discrimination against women and the elderly were very common. I think the novel has relevance in our culture; it portrays the issues of discrimination and racism. I think Steinbeck wrote this book to show the world that within our society we have a disgusting habit of making other feel down.